过去完成时
测验您的知识过去完成时的作用
过去完成时涉及稍久以前发生的事，可以清楚表达某件事比另一件事还要早发生。哪件事先被提及并不重要——时态自然会表明哪件事先发生。
在这些例句中，「事件一」最早发生，而「事件二」后来才发生，或是不久前才发生：
| 事件一 | 事件二 |
| John had gone out | when I arrived in the office. |
| 事件一 | 事件二 |
| I had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
| 事件二 | 事件一 |
| When they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| 事件二 | 事件一 |
| He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
过去完成时的构成
英语中的过去完成时是由两个要素形成：动词 have 的过去时 had + 主要动词的过去分词。
| 主词 | had | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | ||
| She | had | given. |
| 否定句 | ||
| She | hadn't | asked. |
| 疑问句 | ||
| Had | they | arrived? |
| 否定疑问句 | ||
| Hadn't | you | finished? |
过去完成时，以 to decide 为例：
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| I had decided. | I hadn't decided. | Had I decided? |
| You had decided. | You hadn't decided. | Had you decided? |
| She had decided. | She hadn't decided. | Had she decided? |
| We had decided. | We hadn't decided. | Had we decided? |
| They had decided. | They hadn't decided. | Had they decided? |
在过去完成时用「just」
「just」用于过去完成时的时候，涉及某个动作比刚才再稍早一点发生。例如：
- The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
- She had just left the room when the police arrived.
- I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.